1-1 Reading 1
Long ago, an honest merchant lived in Genoa, Italy. P
His name was Antonio, and he went to different places to support his family by trading. P
One day, he filled his ship with goods and visited a faraway island. P
There he traded tools for spices and books for nuts. P
Thanks to Antonio, the islanders could get what they needed. P
One night, Antonio had dinner with the island's queen at her palace. P
When dinner was served, rats appeared, and some servants chased them away with sticks. P
1-2 Reading 2
Antonio was greatly surprised that there were rats in the palace. P
He asked, 'Are there no cats on this island?" P
The queen looked puzzled. "What is a cat?" she asked. P
The merchant said to himself, "What the islanders here need is not tools or books, but cats. P
” He brought two cats from his ship and let them run free. P
"What amazing animals!" cried the queen when she saw all the rats run away. P
She gave Antonio a chest that was filled with jewels. P
1-3 Reading 3
Back in Italy, Antonio told his friends about his good fortune. P
Luigi, the richest merchant in Genoa, heard the story and was jealous. P
"Cats are worthless," Luigi thought. P
"I'll bring the queen what is really valuable. P
I'm sure that the queen will give me more jewels. P
Luigi packed his ship with wonderful paintings and other works of art. P
He took the gifts to the island. P
To get a chance to meet the queen, he told the islanders a lie that he was a good friend of Antonio's. P
When the queen heard about Luigi, she invited him to her palace for dinner. P
Before sitting down at the table, Luigi presented the queen with all his gifts, and the queen thanked him again and again. P
"I'll repay you with a priceless gift," said the queen. P
1-4 Reading 4
Luigi watched the queen whisper in a servant's ear. P
He became excited and hopeful. P
He was sure that he would receive more jewels than Antonio. P
After a while, the servant returned with a box, and the queen presented it to Luigi. P
When Luigi opened the box, he was speechless. P
There was a kitten in the box. P
"Antonio gave us the priceless cats, and we now have some kittens," said the queen. P
"In return for the wonderful gifts you gave us, we want to give you what is most valuable to us." P
Luigi realized that, in the queen's mind, the kitten was worth far more than all the jewels in the world. P
He tried to look pleased with the gift. P
He knew that was the right thing to do. P
Luigi did not return home a richer man. P
But he was surely a wiser one. P
2-1 Reading 1
For the science project, our group has chosen very special insects. P
They are very social. P
They are as old as the T-Rex. P
They appear in Aesop's stories. P
They use a special chemical to communicate. P
Can you guess what they are? Yes, the answer is ants. P
We want to share with you what we have learned about these insects. P
2-2 Reading 2
How Many Ants Are on Earth? P
We often see ants come out of nowhere. P
Like humans, they live almost everywhere in the world, except a few extremely cold places including Antarctica. P
As of 2018, there were over 7 billion people on Earth. P
Then, how about ants? According to scientists, there are about one million ants for every human in the world. P
Though each ant hardly weighs anything, one million ants are as heavy as a human being weighing about 62 kilograms. P
2-3 Reading 3
What Is the Ant Society Like? P
Ants live in colonies which have lots of residents living together. P
Within a colony, there are usually three different types of ants. P
There is the queen, and what she does her entire life is lay eggs. P
The second type of ant is the male that helps the queen produce these eggs. P
The third type of ant is the worker. P
Worker ants are all female and do very important jobs, like caring for eggs, defending the colony, and collecting food. P
2-4 Reading 4
How Do Ants Communicate? P
Though ants do not speak like humans, they actually have a "language. P
” Ants produce a chemical called a pheromone to communicate with one another. P
By using the chemical, they can exchange information about food or danger. P
Ants also use touch for communication. P
For example, if an ant finds food, it passes on the good news by rubbing its body on its neighbor. P
Since an ant has legs covered with very sensitive hairs, it can sense even the smallest touch. P
Some queen ants live up to 30 years. P
Some ants can carry things that are 50 times their own body weight. P
Ants do not have lungs but breathe through small holes in their bodies. P
An ant has two stomachs. P
One stomach holds food for itself, and the other holds food to share with others. P
Most ants can swim and live 24 hours underwater. P
3-1 Reading 1
Some people spend time with friends when they feel low. P
Others eat special foods to feel better. P
Still others simply sleep for a while. P
How do you deal with stress? Here are some stories about people who suggest different ways. P
Sometimes my friends give me stress by saying bad things about me, breaking promises, or arguing over small things. P
When this happens, I watch horror movies! Good horror movies are so scary that I scream a lot. P
I guess that screaming at the top of my lungs helps me feel better. P
Also, thanks to scary scenes and sound effects, I can forget about what bothers me. P
I've been using this method for the past several months, and it really works. P
3-2 Reading 2
My uncle graduated from college two years ago. P
He lives with my family, and he's been looking for a job for some time. P
I know that he's stressed out, but he always tries to be positive by going fishing. P
He never gets upset when he doesn't catch any fish. P
He says, "While I fish, I'm so focused that I can leave all my worries behind. P
Besides, it teaches me to be patient." P
I'm sure that focusing on one thing helps us forget about something else. P
3-3 Reading 3
My sister, a second-year student in high school, has a wonderful way to stay free from stress. P
She feels a lot of stress from schoolwork, but my mother seems to like the situation for a good reason. P
It is because cleaning is my sister's number-one way to make life better! P
When she's so stressed that her life looks gloomy, she cleans her room. P
She says, "As I clean my room, I feel like I'm also relieving stress. P
When my room looks tidy, my life looks brighter. P
3-4 Reading 4
Let me tell you what my mother does about her stress. P
She feels stressed by all the things she has to do at work and at home. P
When she's under stress, she writes "Me Time" on her calendar. P
This means she takes some time out for herself. P
She reads a book, watches a movie, or talks with her friends. P
She says, "It doesn't really matter what I do, as long as it's something I like. P
I've been writing 'Me Time' on my calendar for two months, and I feel much better." P
Which methods will work for you? P
Try some of these ideas yourself, and find your best way to say goodbye to stress. P
4-1 Reading 1
I am Leah. I have been writing a travel blog since I was 18. P
I go places and share my experiences with my readers. P
Must-Visit Markets Around the World P
Visiting markets is a good way to learn about the culture of a country. P
Markets are places where you can meet people, learn history, and taste local food. P
I wonder whether there is any better way to discover another culture. P
4-2 Reading 2
Turkey is a country where East meets West, so it has a long tradition of trade. P
It is a natural place for large markets like the Grand Bazaar. P
The market was built in 1455 in Istanbul. P
Back then, the market had two big buildings, and people traded goods like cloth and gold there. P
Today the Grand Bazaar is much bigger, and it is the largest covered market in the world. P
It has 64 streets and more than 4,000 shops under one roof. P
The market attracts over 250,000 visitors every day. P
You can buy almost any imaginable item there. P
Extra Tip: Ask shop owners if they carry nazar boncu a traditional Turkish symbol for good luck. P
Also, if you want a nice snack, make sure to try lokum, a traditional Turkish candy. P
4-3 Reading 3
In the past, Thai people traded goods on rivers. P
This was the beginning of floating markets in Thailand. P
With better road transportation, many floating markets disappeared. P
Since the late 1960s, however, some of them have come back and kept the tradition alive. P
Today, one of the most popular floating markets is Damnoen Saduak Floating Market. P
It is always crowded with tourists from all over the world. P
You can buy local foods and traditional gift items directly from boats. P
Extra Tip: I wonder if you have ever had a meal on water. P
If not, try noodles like pad thai. P
The sellers will cook them on their boats and pass them to you with a long fishing pole. P
4-4 Reading 4
The Netherlands means "low lands." P
As the name suggests, about 70% of the country sits below sea level. P
Thus, the Dutch built up the land, and one effective way to use it was to grow flowers and sell them. P
It is, therefore, no surprise that the country has the largest flower market in the world: the Aalsmeer Flower Market. P
The building where the market is housed is bigger than 120 soccer fields. P
The market is busy with thousands of flower-filled carts. P
They are moved mostly by electric-powered trucks. P
Every day, around 20 million flowers are traded and shipped to all corners of the world. P
Extra Tip: You may wonder whether you can buy just a few flowers at the market. P
Sadly, you cannot, but you can see how wholesale flower trading works. P
5-1 Reading 1
In the sky where seasons pass in a hurry Autumn fills the air. P
And ready I stand, without a worry, To count all the stars there. P
Memory for one star, P
Love for another star, P
Loneliness for another star, P
Longing for another star, P
Poetry for another star, And, oh, mother, mother for another star. P
Have you read these lines before? P
They are part of the poem "Counting Stars at Night" by Yoon Dong-ju. P
The poem was written a long time ago but still remains one of Korea's favorite poems. P
5-2 Reading 2
Dong-ju was born in 1917 near Yanbin, China. P
As a young boy, he loved sports, and he was a soccer player for his school. P
He also loved sewing so much that he sewed the numbers on all his friends' soccer uniforms. P
However, it was literature that he loved most. P
In elementary school he wrote a lot of poems. P
He even made a literary magazine with his cousin, Song Mong-gyu. P
In middle school he once borrowed a poetry book by a famous poet of the time, Baek Seok, and copied the whole book by hand. P
He really wanted to have his own copy of the rare book. P
5-3 Reading 3
His parents wanted him to be a doctor, but Dong-ju chose to study literature at a college in Seoul. P
During his college years, he often hung out with other young poets and wrote poetry where he expressed feelings about his hometown and lost country. P
To celebrate his graduation, he wished to publish 19 of his poems under the title, Heaven, Wind, Stars, and Poetry. P
He made three copies of the book by hand. P
One was given to his close friend, Jeong Byeong-uk, another was presented to his favorite professor, and the last one was kept for himself. P
However, his professor advised against his plan because he thought the Japanese government would not allow the publication. P
Dong-ju followed his advice and gave up the idea. P
5-4 Reading 4
Dong-ju decided to study further in the country where his father had studied before. P
So, in 1942, Dong-ju and his cousin began to study in Japan. P
On July 10 the following year, his cousin was arrested by the Japanese police for taking part in an independence movement. P
Four days later, Dong-ju was also arrested on the same charges. P
In 1945, Dong-ju and his cousin died in prison after harsh treatment by the police. P
It was just a few months later that Korea achieved independence from Japan. P
In 1948, Jeong Byeong-uk brought Dong-ju's poems to the poet's brother, and they were finally published. P
The book was given the title the poet had thought of many years before. P
His poems are loved by people of all ages, and thus they still shine brightly in our hearts like the stars in the autumn night sky. P
6-1 Reading 1
Once upon a time there was a small village in a forest. P
The villagers were farmers and raised cows. P
Luckily, some good grassland lay in the middle of the village. P
Let‘s share the commons. P
My cow can get enough grass. P
Yeah, there‘s plenty for every cow. P
Everyone was allowed to use the grassland. P
Therefore, it was called “the commons." P
By tradition, each family only had one cow, so it was easy for each cow in the village to find enough grass to eat. P
The grass on the commons was green all summer long. P
6-2 Reading 2
If I had two cows, I would be richer. P
No one will notice it. P
But one day a villager broke the rule. P
He brought another cow and let it graze on the commons. P
He thought that nobody would notice it. P
A happy feeling filled his heart when he thought of the milk and cheese that the second cow would bring to his family. P
He has four children. P
If I were you, I would raise another cow. P
Thanks for the tip! P
A few days later, the farmer visited a close friend who had four children. P
He wanted to help his friend, so he told him in secret, P
“If I were you, I would bring in one more cow and raise it on the commons.” P
The friend thanked him and did as he was told the next day. P
6-3 Reading 3
Who are you? P
I‘m new. P
Who is lying there? P
I don‘t know. P
I can be the richest farmer in this village. P
Soon, other villagers did the same. P
Some secretly brought one more cow to the commons, P
while others brought even more to the grassland without telling anyone. P
They thought that there would be enough grass for the additional cows. P
Soon the village was full of happy-looking farmers! P
Hey, stop pushing me! P
Move over! This is my spot! P
We need rain! I‘m hungry. P
Me, too. P
The number of cows rose slowly at first. P
Then the cow population grew more quickly. P
The grass on the commons began to disappear, and it became harder for the cows to find grass to eat. P
To make matters worse, it did not rain for a long time. P
6-4 Reading 4
I don‘t have any cows left! Good bye. P
What happened to the commons? P
In the past, when a dry year came, the small number of cows on the commons always found something to eat. P
However, no grass was left now because there were too many cows. P
Things were harsh for the villagers; many of the cows died. P
Enjoy, but remember the rule: ONLY ONE COW PER FAMILY. P
At last, the grass came back. P
Now it was able to support only one cow per family. P
The village went back to the one-family-one-cow rule. P
The villagers all learned an important lesson: P
when resources are shared, it is important for everyone to value the resources and use them fairly. P
The villagers now tell this story to their children. P
They call it “The Story of the Commons. P
7-1 Reading 1
What do Jejudo, Sicily, and Hawaii have in common? They are islands, of course. P
In fact, they are all islands made from volcanic eruptions. P
Volcanoes are very powerful, so they are named after Vulcan, the Roman god of fire. P
They can make big islands appear or destroy entire cities like Pompeii. P
Therefore, they should be studied and understood. P
Nobody knows for sure how many volcanoes there are in the world. P
According to scientists, there are about 1,500 active volcanoes above sea level. P
Many more are underwater, and they are hard to locate. P
Still, scientists have discovered a large number of them so far. P
7-2 Reading 2
Many of the volcanoes on Earth are located along the Ring of Fire that circles the Pacific Ocean. P
The ring is about 40,000 kilometers long, and it is home to around 75% of the world’s active volcanoes. P
Indonesia alone has over 120 active volcanoes since the country lies on the Ring of Fire. P
This ring is also the area where most of the world’s earthquakes occur. P
A SUDDEN VOLCANO. P
Working on a cornfield one day in 1943, farmers in Mexico found something surprising. P
A volcano appeared overnight on a flat cornfield. P
Residents watched the volcano grow over 100 meters tall within a week. P
The volcano, called Paricutin, kept growing, and it finally stopped growing at 424 meters in 1952. P
You may think volcanoes can be found only on Earth. P
However, they have been discovered on other planets, too, such as Mars and Jupiter. P
In fact, “Olympus Mons” on Mars is the largest known volcano in the solar system. P
Its volume is about 100 times greater than that of Mauna Loa, the largest volcano on Earth. P
7-3 Reading 3
Being very powerful and dangerous, volcanoes do harm to people in many ways. P
Sometimes people get hurt, or they may lose their houses. P
Crops may be destroyed, and air traffic can be threatened. P
Volcanoes can also have serious effects on world weather. P
A volcanic eruption shoots lots of ash and dust into the air, P
preventing some of the sunlight from reaching Earth and thus disturbing usual weather patterns. P
Mt.Tambora, an active volcano on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia, erupted in 1815. P
The eruption killed more than 10,000 residents. P
It also caused an unusually cold summer around the world the following year. P
What volcanoes do is not always bad for humans, however. P
The soil near a volcano is good for farming. P
Volcanoes are also a great tourist attraction. P
Looking for fantastic scenery, millions of tourists visit Mt.Halla in Jejudo, P
Mt.Etna in Sicily, or Diamond Head in Hawaii every year. P
Volcanoes can be used to produce electricity, too. P
Iceland, for example, actively turns its volcanoes’ heat energy into electricity. P
Today people around the world are studying ways to live in greater harmony with volcanoes, P
and they are hopeful that more ways will be found soon. P
8-1 Reading 1
My grandmother Helen used to be a cook in a restaurant in a small town near South Bend, Indiana. P
She does not work anymore, but she still enjoys making delicious food, which I love so much. P
Food is one of the many things that connect us. P
What connects us most strongly, however, is baseball. P
When I visit her on weekends, my grandmother often tells me exciting stories about playing baseball back in the 1940s. P
She must have loved the sport very much. P
I listen to these stories over and over. P
She always says, “Go after what you want, Sarah. P
Don‘t be afraid of trying something new or challenging. P
Don’t be ashamed of failing. P
8-2 Reading 2
In 1943, the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was founded. P
This league was created for baseball fans because many of America’s young men were fighting in World War Ⅱ. P
Helen was told that there would be local tryouts right in South Bend. P
She wondered, P
“What would it be like to be on a baseball team and to make it to the finals for my hometown?” P
She imagined a large banner hanging at the baseball field which included the name Helen Baker. P
8-3 Reading 3
On the day of the tryouts, all the rules were explained by an old man in a suit, who sounded very serious and unkind. P
She thought that wearing a suit in the hot sun might have made him impatient. P
On that day, Helen played baseball for hours with many other young women. P
She was excited to go after her baseball dreams! P
About a week later, Helen found a letter in the mailbox. P
It was from people who worked for the girls’ baseball league in Chicago. P
It read that she had been invited to the league’s main tryouts in Chicago! P
8-4 Reading 4
As the days went by, however, Helen became worried that she might fail. P
She also became worried about traveling alone to Chicago, which was far away from home. P
When the day of the main tryouts came, she was too afraid to go. P
My grandmother has spent the rest of her life regretting her decision. P
When she watches a baseball game on TV, she often says, “I should have gone to Chicago. P
You know, all your dreams are worth chasing, even if you catch only a few of them. P
Never miss an opportunity. P