6-1 Skateboard
People use skateboards for fun but they can also be used for transportation. P
University students often use skateboards to get across campus for classes. P
People who live at the beach or in a city can use a skateboard to get around. P
It's good exercise to ride a skateboard. P
There are short skateboards and there are long skateboards called long boards. P
Some people wear helmets when they skateboard and some do not. P
Everyone should wear a helmet when they ride a skateboard. P
It's very easy to ride a skateboard down hill. It's not so easy to ride one uphill. P
6-2 Scooters
Push scooters are similar to skateboards. P
A push scooter is a child's vehicle that has two wheels with a footboard between them. P
It's steered by a handlebar. P
They are good to ride to school or around town. P
Many people wear a helmet on a push scooter. P
Some children ride push scooters for fun and ride with their friends to the park. P
Push scooters provide riders with good exercise. P
Push scooters do not create pollution because they do not use gasoline. P
6-3 Cabs
Cabs are the cars that you pay to ride. P
They are easy to find in a large city. P
Cabs can be expensive if you take them to travel far. P
Cabs get you to your desired location. P
A cab usually only has room for four passengers. P
Some cabs are clean and some are dirty. P
Children must be with an adult to ride in a cab. P
Some cabs are yellow and some are blue or other colors. P
Cabs have meters that keep track the distance and the cost of the ride. P
6-4 Carpools
Carpools are a good form of transportation. P
Carpools involve riding in cars but you share. P
Sharing the ride is better for the environment because there is less pollution. P
Many co-workers share rides and they are known as car poolers. P
Many parents arrange car pools to share the task of taking kids to school. P
They each take a week to be the person to give the children a ride to school. P
Each driver must have a safe car with enough seatbelts for all of the riders. P
Carpools save money that would otherwise have been spent on gasoline. P
6-5 Temperature
Temperature is the degree of coldness or hotness outside. P
The higher the degree the hotter it is. P
The colder it is the lower the degree. P
Seasons affect the temperature. P
In the summer the temperature is hotter. P
In the winter it the temperature is colder. P
When it is very cold it may rain or even snow. P
When it's very hot a person can sweat. P
People drink cold liquids and stay in the shade when it's hot. P
And sometimes people swim in a cool swimming pool when it's hot. P
6-6 Climate
The climate is the weather type of a specific area or region. P
Different parts of the world have different climates. P
Different climates have different levels of temperature and different amounts of sunshine, cloudiness, and winds. P
The state of New York for example has a cold climate. P
In the winter it snows and in the summer it doesn't get very hot. P
The state of Arizona in America has a hot climate. P
The climate in Arizona is called a desert. P
It's very hot and dry all year long in Arizona. P
The rainforest, like for example, the Amazon rainforest in South America, has a tropical climate. P
6-7 Seasons
Each year is divided into four seasons. P
Each season represents a certain type of weather. P
When the season changes so does the weather. P
The seasons in North America are Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter. P
In the Spring and Fall it's cool. P
In the Summer it's hot and in the Winter it's cold. P
In the old days instead of using a calendar people would observe the changing of the seasons in order to tell time. P
The seasons also tell us when to plant or harvest food. P
Most food is planted in the spring and harvested at the end of summer. P
6-8 Rain
Rain has to do with moisture in the air. P
Water evaporates from the ground rises into the sky and forms clouds. P
When there is too much water in the clouds it rains. P
It can rain in warm or cold temperatures. P
If it's very cold, rain turns into snow. P
It rains a lot in tropical climates because there is more water in the air. P
A monsoon is a bad rainstorm in a warm area. P
Places like Vietnam, Thailand, and the Amazon have monsoons. P
Rain helps water plants and gives us water to drink. P
6-9 Hurricane
A hurricane is a tropical cyclone. P
A cyclone is when wind spins in a circle across an area. P
A hurricane is when cyclone winds move faster than 75 miles per hour on the water. P
Hurricanes happen in tropical weathers. P
Tropical weathers are warm weathers. P
Tropical weathers are located in the area of the equator on the planet. P
Hurricanes also have rain in them, too. P
Hurricanes can come onto land and damage things in its path. P
6-10 Thunder and Lightning
Thunder is a loud sound that happens when air expands in the sky. P
A lightning bolt is a flash of light. P
Thunder and lightning is caused by electricity in the sky. P
Thunder and lightning usually occur in a rainstorm or thunderstorm. P
Sometimes thunder and lightning can scare people. P
But some people like to watch lightning. P
It's important to stay indoors when lightning is happening. P
If a lightning bolt hits tree it could start a fire. P
6-11 Wind
When air moves it's called wind. P
Wind happens when hot air rises and mixes with cool air. P
Wind that moves very slowly is called a breeze. P
Breezes are nice and help people cool on hot and sunny day. P
Winds that blow very, very fast are called windstorms. P
If a windstorm speeds at more than 75 miles per hour it is called a tornado. P
A windstorm on water is called a hurricane. P
Windstorms and hurricane can damage plants, trees, and buildings. P
6-12 Atmosphere
The atmosphere is a layer of gases that covers all of the earth. P
The gases in the atmosphere help make up the air we breathe. P
Every living creature on the earth depends on the atmosphere to survive. P
Without the atmosphere life on earth wouldn't be possible. P
The atmosphere gives us air, water, heat, P
and it protects us against harmful rays of the sun and against meteorites. P
The atmosphere also helps to control the temperature of the earth. P
6-13 Tornado
Tornadoes can happen during a thunderstorm if a wind is moving very, very fast in a circle. P
For a wind to be called a tornado the wind speeds must be at least 75 miles per hour. P
The wind speeds in a tornado can be greater than 300 miles per hour. P
Tornadoes always occur on the ground and not on the water. P
People measure tornadoes on a scale of one to five. P
Tornadoes that are a level five are the most dangerous. P
Level five tornadoes can rip apart a house or a building. P
Tornadoes that are a level one are not as dangerous. P
6-14 Snow
Snow is frozen rain. P
It snows in climates that are very cold. P
In states like New York, it can snow for three months in a row. P
A very bad snowstorm is called a blizzard. P
Blizzards bring a lot of snow at once and can force people to have to stay inside. P
Snow is made from many, many snowflakes falling to the ground. P
Snowflakes can have up of 200 ice crystals inside of them. P
Snowflakes have six sides. P
Snowflakes are white because they reflect white light from the sun. P
6-15 Humidity
Humidity is the amount of water in the air. P
High amounts of water in the air give a high humidity. P
Low amounts of water in the air give a low humidity. P
Climates that have a lot of humidity are called tropical climates. P
Places like Hawaii, the Amazon rainforest, and the Bahamas all have a tropical climate. P
Climates that have low humidity are dry. P
The desert is a good example of a dry climate that doesn't have a lot of humidity. P
The Mohave desert and the Sahara desert are very dry and have low humidity. P
6-16 Skeleton
Everyone has a skeleton. P
A skeleton holds the body together. P
Animals, fish, humans, and even birds have skeletons. P
The skeleton is made of bones. P
Without bones you would not be able to walk or even sit up. P
An adult has 206 bones, but children have even more. P
Babies are born with about 270 bones, and as babies become children, bones grow together. P
There are a lot of bones in hands and feet. P
Bones are made of mostly calcium. P
Calcium comes from foods like milk and cheese. P
It is important to eat a lot of calcium to have healthy bones. P
6-17 Immune System
The immune system is a collection of cells and organs. P
Cells and organs protect the body from illness and disease. P
If the body gets sick, the immune system helps the body heal. P
The main activity of the immune system is to fight off bacteria and viruses. P
The immune system uses white blood cells to fight off bacteria and viruses. P
It's important to help the immune system protect the body from sickness. P
Some doctors give babies shots to help support the immune system as it grows. P
To do this, eat healthy foods and get a lot of sleep. P
Also, to protect yourself you should always wash your hands. P
Some people take vitamins to keep their immune system healthy. P
6-18 Eyes
Eyes are organs in the body that let people or animals see. P
The eyeballs are called sense organs because seeing is a sense. P
The eye has a lens in the front that helps someone focus to see. P
In the back of the eye, there are cells that sense light. P
This is called the retina. P
The retina can sense color light and white light to help people see. P
Some people are colorblind. P
This means they can not see color. P
They do not have enough cells in the retina to see color. P
The iris is the colored part of the eye. P
People's irises have different colors. P
6-19 Ear
The ear is a body part that lets people or animals hear sound. P
The ear captures sounds and turns it into signals so that the brain can know what is being said. P
Every sound heard is made up of sound waves. P
Sound waves are in the air but cannot be seen. P
Sound waves travel into the ear through a canal. P
The waves make the eardrum vibrate. P
Louder sounds make bigger vibrations. P
And high-pitched sounds make fast vibrations. P
Ears also help the brain balance the body. P
There is liquid inside the ear that tells the brain if the body is upside down. P
Earwax protects the ear. P
It prevents dirt and water from going inside the ear. P
6-20 Tongue
The tongue is an organ in the mouth. P
It gives the body the sense of taste. P
There are bumps on the tongue. P
These are called taste buds and they are sensitive to different tastes. P
We can detect four main tastes: sweet, salty, sour and bitter. P
The nose and tongue work as a team to give the mouth the complete taste of food. P
The tongue stays wet from the saliva in the mouth. P
Saliva also helps the mouth breakdown food. P
There are many nerves and blood vessels in the tongue. P
The tongue helps the mouth stay clean and it also helps people speak. P