UNIT 1
Did you know that cars can fly? It's true! P
In March 2009, a company showed people the first flying car. P
They gave the vehicle the name "Transition." P
It has two special wings on the sides. They are special because they can move! P
The wings fold up when you don't need them. P
In addition, they open when you want to use them. P
It takes less than 30 seconds to move both of the wings. That's pretty fast! P
With the Transition, people can travel in two different ways because of its two wings. P
For one, the vehicle can be a car. P
It can go as fast as 65 miles per hour on the road. P
And for every gallon of gas, it can travel 30 miles. P
Next, it can also be an airplane when you want to take off. P
It can fly up to 115 miles per hour. P
But you need to get a pilot's license first! P
The Transition is the smallest airplane. P
It is called a light-sport craft because it is not that heavy. Each plane weighs 1,430 pounds. P
That's about half the weight of a normal car! P
In 2011, these flying cars will be ready for people to buy. P
It will cost 194,000 dollars to buy one! They are very expensive! P
UNIT 2
Hello! My name is Emma. I want to tell you about my future transportation project. P
I think we will all live underwater in the future, so I want to make a new creative submarine. P
I call it the "Shark." The Shark will have three different colors. P
First, it will be black. The eyes and mouth will be this color. P
Second, the top of the submarine will be gray. P
And last, the bottom will be white. It will look just like a great white shark! P
So what shape will the submarine be? It will be in the shape of a great white shark. P
It will have a mouth in the front. The mouth will be the entrance. P
People can get into the submarine this way. P
There will also be fins and a tail. The fins and tail will be huge. P
How does the Shark move in the water? It uses the fins and tail! P
The tail will sway to help it move forward. P
And the fins will move the submarine to the left or to the right. P
It will need a lot of energy! But don't worry about getting energy. P
The submarine will use ocean water to help it move. P
It will save a lot of money. Isn't this great? P
I think the Shark will be the best submarine in the future! Thank you! P
UNIT 3
Hello, students! Thank you for coming to the National Museum of Korea. P
My name is Min and I am the museum curator. P
Today, we will check out some famous Korean paintings and I will explain them to you. P
Let's look at this painting first. The name of this painting is Sireum. P
Sireum is a traditional Korean sport. You can see two men in the center. P
They are wrestling. P
And many men are sitting and watching around them. P
Does anyone know the artist's name? His name is Kim Hong-do. P
But people sometimes called him Danwon. P
He was a famous Korean artist from the Joseon period. P
He was from Ansan, South Korea and lived from 1745 to 1806. P
Kim Hong-do painted this picture around 1780. P
He painted it on special Korean paper called "hanji." P
And like his other paintings, he used light watercolors. P
This painting Sireum is very important. P
Why? It's because Kim Hong-do's painting focused on Korean daily life. P
His paintings help us understand Korean life in the past. P
It is also special because there is a mistake in the painting. P
Come closer. Do you see the mistake? It's right here in the corner. P
This man's hands are backwards! P
The artist did it on purpose to make the painting more fun! P
Now, does anyone have any questions about this painting? P
UNIT 4
I'm very happy because I had a great time today. P
Can you guess why? I went on a school field trip to the National Museum of Korea. P
It was so much fun because there were a lot of things to see! P
For example, we watched a documentary. P
Then we saw many different paintings. P
I saw the most interesting painting among them. P
The name of the painting was Sireum. It was amazing. P
The painting was about a Korean sport. P
After I saw it, I thought, "This looks similar to sumo, the Japanese sport!" P
It also looked similar to American wrestling. P
Do you think they are related? P
Also, I learned some things about the painting from the curator. P
The artist used watercolors. I use watercolors in art class, too. P
It is not my favorite way to paint because it is messy. P
But it looked nice in the painting. I learned another thing. P
The artist made a mistake in the picture. But it was not a real mistake. P
The curator said he did it on purpose. But I have a different idea. P
I think it wasn't on purpose! P
I think he was making up an excuse because he didn't want to change it! P
Anyway, I had a lot of fun today. P
I am really looking forward to the next school trip! P
UNIT 5
Do you know what a starfish is? It is an underwater animal. P
A starfish, or sea star, has a unique shape. It resembles a star! P
There are about 2,000 different types of sea stars, but they all have star shapes. P
Are starfish a kind of fish? No, they are not! Fish and starfish are very different. P
Fish have things like fins and a tail. They use them to swim. P
However, starfish do not have them. They have arms instead. P
They have tiny tube feet under their arms. P
They use them to move. People have two arms. P
But starfish have more! Starfish can have between 5 to 40 arms! Their arms are special. P
Can you guess why? It is because their arms can regrow. P
When a starfish loses an arm, it grows back. P
Growing an arm can take up to a year. Isn't that amazing? P
The starfish is amazing for two more reasons. The first reason is their eyes. P
They have one eye on each arm! P
Sea stars can have more than five eyes. That's a lot! P
Also, starfish don't have blood! Isn't that strange? They don't need blood to live. P
Sea stars use the sea water. P
The next time you are at a beach, try looking for some amazing starfish! P
UNIT 6
Most days, ocean animals are not happy because of Amurensis. P
Amurensis is a pirate starfish. He likes to steal things. P
He also bullies and looks down on the other ocean animals. P
However, today is a different day. There is a new starfish named Pectinifera. P
Pectinifera is a kind starfish. He likes to help others and is also very brave. P
One afternoon, Pectinifera hears a fish crying. P
He is curious and moves closer. He sees Amurensis bullying a fish. P
He is holding its tail! The fish wants to swim away, but can't! P
"Don't bully the fish!" says Pectinifera. But Amurensis does not listen. P
Pectinifera has an idea. He wants to save the fish. But he will need help. P
Pectinifera meets with the sea animals. P
He talks about Amurensis and about being brave. P
They have to help each other. P
They must stop Amurensis! Pectinifera will show them how. P
The ocean animals go to see Amurensis. P
Pectinifera says, "Don't bully the fish!" All the other animals watch. P
They become brave! "Don't bully the sea animals anymore!" They all say together. P
Amurensis stops. He is shocked and scared. P
There are many animals, so he gives up and leaves. P
In the end, the animals save the fish. P
And Pectinifera is an ocean hero! He will stay with the ocean animals. P
All of the animals are happy now! P
UNIT 7
There are many endangered plants and animals in the world. P
This means there are not a lot of them. It also means they are almost all gone. P
Today, about 5,000 different types of animals are endangered! P
Let's talk about three of these animals. First, let's talk about the sea otter. P
The sea otter is a water animal. It lives near the coasts of the North Pacific Ocean. P
It has beautiful fur. In the past, people hunted it for its fur. P
Because of this, the sea otter is now endangered. P
Another animal in danger is the dhole. It is a kind of wild dog from Southeast Asia. P
There are many fires and floods in its habitat. Because of these problems, it is losing its home. P
It also does not have enough prey to eat. Last, the loggerhead turtle is also endangered. P
It lives in different oceans around the world. It is endangered because of fishing traps. P
It gets trapped and cannot get away. Also, there are not many beaches. P
It needs beaches to lay its eggs. Many different groups want to help the animals. P
Groups like the World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) are working very hard. P
Greenpeace is also trying to help. They are working with governments. P
Do you want to help, too? You can find out how on the next page! P
UNIT 8
In the Arctic, there is a polar bear named Paul. P
Paul is very hungry. In the morning, he looks for a seal. P
Seals are Paul's favorite food! But it is difficult to find seals because of the pollution! P
Pollution is making the weather warmer. It is also making the ice melt. P
Paul needs the ice because the ice helps him find seals. P
Paul takes a break by the water. Then he sees a penguin. P
He is very surprised to see the penguin. It lives in Antarctica. P
Paul goes to talk to the penguin. P
"Peggy, you must be from Antarctica. But why are you here?" asks Paul. P
"I came here to look for food. There is no more squid in Antarctica," says Peggy. P
"Why is there no food?" asks Paul. P
"The water temperature is changing, so all the squid are moving to different places. P
And my home is melting! I swam for days, but I still can't find food," cries Peggy. P
"That's too bad! But my home has problems, too! P
I can't find food here because of the pollution." P
Peggy and Paul talk for a long time about their problems. P
Both of their homes are melting. Also, they are both hungry. P
Peggy cannot find enough squid. P
And Paul has problems finding seals. P
They are not alone anymore, but what will they do about food? P
The world's pollution is causing them a lot of trouble! P
UNIT 9
What do you want to be when you grow up? P
Do you want to be a doctor? P
What about an architect or weather person? P
These are important jobs, so you will need to study hard for them. P
But you will need math the most. That's right! Math! P
Today, we will talk about why math is so important to jobs. P
Let's start with doctors first. P
Doctors give shots and take your temperature. P
They also give you medicine. But doctors have to use math, too! P
They have to check things like height and weight. P
These numbers tell them about your health. P
Also, doctors use numbers to choose the right amount of medicine for you! P
Architects also need math to design new buildings. P
They need to use numbers for many things. P
For example, they have to calculate the size of a building. P
They also need to calculate room sizes. P
What about weather people? Well, they need math, too! P
They use math all the time. P
They need to gather a lot of numbers to calculate temperatures. P
Numbers also help them learn about the directions of storms! P
In addition, math lets us know tomorrow's weather and next week's weather, too! P
Isn't that amazing? So which jobs don't need math? P
None! All jobs need math. P
People need math at school, at work, and at home. Math is everywhere! P
UNIT 10
Math Monster is the best computer game! P
I have to solve math problems and riddles to win. P
Right now, the math monster kidnapped Roland! P
I have to solve a math riddle to rescue him! P
The monster says, "I am thirsty. I want to drink exactly four gallons of water!" P
I must give him four gallons of water. P
If I don't, he will eat Roland! I have to hurry up. P
There are two kinds of bottles in the room: a small bottle and a big bottle. P
All together, there are two small bottles and two big bottles. P
The small bottles are three-gallon bottles. The big bottles are five-gallon bottles. P
Figure out how to make four gallons with these! P
Use math to solve the riddle! Let's think about these numbers. P
I have the numbers five and three. Well, five minus three equals two. P
And two plus two equals four! There is the answer! P
Now, I will have to solve the math problem with the water bottles. P
I take a five-gallon bottle and fill it with water. P
Then I pour the water from that bottle into a three-gallon bottle. P
I have two gallons left in the big bottle. P
I do this again with another big and small bottle. P
Now, I have two big bottles with two gallons of water! P
I take one and pour the water into the other. P
Finally, I have four gallons of water in a five-gallon bottle! P
The monster drinks the water. Now, Roland is safe and I win the game! P
UNIT 11
A matryoshka doll is a Russian nesting doll. A nesting doll is a set of dolls. P
These dolls fit inside each other one by one. They are also made from wood. P
The dolls come in two pieces with a top and a bottom. P
Long ago, Russians in the countryside used the name "Matryoshka" a lot. P
It was a very popular name! But why do people call these dolls matryoshka? P
It is because these dolls look like Russian people from the countryside! P
They wear the same clothes! P
The woodworker makes the smallest doll first because it only has one piece. P
He shapes the doll carefully. Then he turns it around on a wheel. P
He does the same for the other bigger dolls. P
Sometimes, the woodworker uses a tool to shape more details on the dolls. P
Next, he rubs oil on the dolls. This helps the dolls not crack. P
When the oil dries, the woodworker paints glue on the dolls. P
Now, the dolls are ready for paint! Artists choose several colors and paint the dolls. P
Each doll wears a different-colored dress. P
Sometimes, the dolls wear the same clothes but they hold different items. P
Next, artists put wax over the dolls so they do not scratch. P
The painted dresses also won't fade. P
When the wax dries, the matryoshka dolls are finished and ready for sale! P
UNIT 12
Today, we had a contest in my fourth-grade class. P
We had to make matryoshka dolls! We were very excited to make our own. P
Our fourth-grade teacher Mrs.Diaz put us into groups. P
I was in Team One. There were four teams in our class. P
We had to try to make the best matryoshka doll! P
Making real matryoshka dolls is hard because they are wooden dolls. P
Cutting wood is really dangerous! So Mrs.Diaz told us to be creative. P
We sat down and thought of new ways to make our dolls. P
Then my friend John had an idea. P
He looked at us and said, "Let's use plastic cups! We can use cups of many different sizes." P
Everyone in my group liked his terrific idea! P
We went to look for plastic cups around the classroom. P
Then we gathered to make the dolls. P
We made each doll look like a Russian girl from the countryside. P
First, we drew the doll on paper and colored it with markers. P
Then we used scissors to cut the paper. P
Finally, we pasted the paper on the cup with glue. P
Team Two used socks to make their dolls. P
Team Three used lots of paper and cut them into different sizes. P
Team Four used hard-boiled eggs of different sizes. P
Team Four's dolls looked lovely because they had colorful hair. P
But our team won because our dolls fit inside each other, just like a real matryoshka doll! P
UNIT 13
Hello, everyone! Today, we will talk about the famous fairy tale, Cinderella! P
You know the story, right? But there is more than one Cinderella story. P
Let's talk about two of them. One is from France and the other is from Germany. P
The storylines are similar but the details are different. P
They are both similar because they have a young girl with two bad stepsisters. P
The two stepsisters go to a prince's dance party. P
Cinderella also shows up at the party, but they don't know about it! P
In the end, the prince falls in love with her. And he finds her again by using her lost shoe. P
They are both different. For example, in the French story, there is a fairy godmother. P
The fairy godmother uses magic to help Cinderella. P
She makes a pumpkin turn into a carriage! P
However, the other story does not have a fairy godmother. P
The German story has a tree and birds. The birds help Cinderella a lot in the story. P
Another difference is the ending. In the French fairy tale, the stepsisters say sorry to Cinderella. P
But in the other story, the stepsisters do not. P
So the birds punish them! In the end, the birds hurt the stepsisters'eyes and they become blind! P
These differences in the Cinderella stories are interesting, don't you think? P
Next time, try to find other fairy tales with different endings, too! P
UNIT 14
Everyone loves the fairy tale, Cinderella. P
People like it because there is a happy ending! P
In the story, the prince looks for Cinderella after the dance party. P
Instead, he finds her missing shoe. He makes young girls try on the shoe. P
Finally, he finds Cinderella and they get married! P
But I don't like that ending. So I am going to make a new one! P
In the story, Cinderella goes home after the party. P
The prince does not see her leave. P
But in my story, the prince chases her outside! He follows her to the house. P
Cinderella does not know this. P
The prince sees her house and plans to return tomorrow. P
The next morning, Cinderella wakes up and is very surprised! P
Her two stepsisters are also surprised! There are a lot of people outside. P
There are presents and the sound of music at the door. P
This is because the prince is at Cinderella's house! He is dressed in fine clothes. P
He stands there and says, "I am here to see Cinderella." P
Cinderella's stepsisters become very jealous! P
After Cinderella comes out of her room, the prince proposes! P
He has a beautiful ring for her. The stepsisters try to stop Cinderella. P
They don't want her to be happy! But the fairy godmother uses her magic. P
She turns them into ugly rats! P
Now, the stepsisters can never be mean to Cinderella again. P
The prince takes Cinderella to his castle and they live happily ever after! P
UNIT 15
Good afternoon! My name is David Lance and I'm an astronaut. P
Right now, I am at a space station. I will be in space for six months! P
Today, I'll tell you a little about life in space. P
In the mornings, I like to take my showers. But I can't take a normal shower. P
Do you know why? There isn't enough water on the space station! P
So I have to use a wet cloth to clean myself. P
Astronauts also eat three times a day at the space station. P
There are a lot of snacks and drinks, too. P
But the food and drinks are different from the food on Earth. P
They are usually frozen or dried. This is because our trips are very long. P
We don't want our food to rot in space! P
Next, we exercise every day to make our bodies strong. P
Astronauts float in space, so we don't use a lot of our muscles. P
There is a treadmill and a bicycle on the space station. P
It helps us keep our bodies healthy. We all go to sleep after we finish our work. P
But we don't sleep in beds. We have sleeping bags on the walls. P
They help us from floating away during our sleep! P
As you can see, life in space is different from life on Earth. P
And being an astronaut is a difficult job. But this job is important. P
It is because space research is very important to people on Earth! P
UNIT 16
Today is a special day. There are three astronauts on the moon. P
They are from China, America, and Russia. P
They are going to have a race in space. P
How will they do this? First, they will stand at the starting line. P
Then they must go to the finish line as fast as they can! P
It will be difficult because they will all be floating. P
Each astronaut will run the race in a different way. P
Before the race, all the astronauts practice. P
On the left, you can see the Chinese woman. P
She has two long sticks. There is one stick in each hand. P
She puts them in the ground and pushes with them. P
She will move faster with the sticks in the race! P
In the center, the Russian man is preparing something. P
He is putting metal hooks on the bottom of his shoes. P
When he is finished, he gets up. It is easier for him to walk. P
The hooks help him stay on the ground. P
He does not float away! Now, the American man is on the right. P
He does not have any sticks or hooks. P
But he has strange new shoes on his feet. P
Oh, wait! They are not shoes. P
They are flippers! He has space flippers to help him move. P
He lies down on his belly and kicks his feet. P
He is swimming in space. The race is about to start. P
The astronauts are at the starting line. Who do you think will win? P
UNIT 17
Welcome to math class! Last week, we solved problems with big numbers. P
Today, I have a question for you: Who found a way to calculate big numbers first? P
Any guesses? It was the ancient Egyptians! They calculated from right to left. P
And Johannes de Sacrobosco helped spread this way of calculating! P
Let's talk a little about the Egyptians and Johannes. P
First, let's talk about the Egyptians. P
The Egyptians started using math a long time ago. P
How do we know this? People discovered a paper with Egyptian math symbols! P
The paper is about 5,000 years old. P
This means they knew how to do math! P
The Egyptians used paper to write down their math problems. P
Also, they used pebbles for counting. P
They used them to help solve the problems. P
For big numbers, they did their math from right to left. P
Their writing was also the same. They wrote from right to left, too! P
Now, let's talk about Johannes de Sacrobosco. P
He was a teacher in Paris during the 1200s. He was similar to the Egyptians. P
How? Well, he also liked doing problems from right to left. P
He taught many students to do math this way. P
He also wrote many important books about it. P
Johannes helped spread this idea of doing math to the world. P
Today, people everywhere calculate from right to left. P
There are other ways to solve math problems. P
But calculating math from right to left is the most common way to do it! P
UNIT 18
Today is a fun day. I am in math class and there is a math competition. P
Each person must solve ten math problems. P
But that's not all! We're studying about Egypt. P
That means the problems are in ancient Egyptian symbols. P
All the pictures mean something. They stand for numbers! It looks like fun. P
I really want to win this. Mrs.Nina will not let us use calculators. P
Egyptians did not have calculators, so we have to use our heads instead. P
"I will write out the problems on the board. Then you can start." she says. P
She draws a lot of symbols for the problems. The math problems aren't too hard. P
But they are hard to read because they are lines and pictures. P
The first five questions are easy. There are many lines. P
The lines show what numbers to use. P
For example, three lines means the number three. P
But the last five questions are very difficult! P
There are pictures of things like frogs and people. P
These are bigger numbers. Now, I'm on the last question. P
But I'm stuck on it! It would be easier with a calculator. P
Then I think of a great plan. I have coins in my bag. P
I can use them like pebbles! The Egyptians used pebbles to solve problems. P
I can, too. Now, I don't need a calculator. Soon, I finish the last question. P
The coins helped me do math from right to left very quickly. P
And now, I am the winner of the competition! P
UNIT 19
Who was Edward Lear? He was a great English writer from the 1800s. P
He wrote many poems. P
His writings have a lot of odd characters and words, but they are fun. P
His most famous book of poems is from 1846. P
It is called A Book of Nonsense! Before you read this book, you should know two things. P
Lear's writing is very creative because he made up words. P
But don't be shocked if you see them. P
They are just a lot of fun nonsense! P
There are many different strange creatures and words in his stories. P
For example, there are Pobbles, Jumblies, and Blue Boss-Wosses in his book. P
But they are not real! Many people like his work because it's interesting and funny! P
Lear wrote many of his poems in a special kind of pattern. P
His pattern has five lines. And he made it very popular! P
When you read his poems, look for the special pattern: P
the last words in the first two lines will rhyme. P
And in lines three and four, the last words will rhyme together. P
Then the last word in the final line will rhyme with the last words in the first two lines. P
Now, you know about Lear's poems. So go check out A Book of Nonsense! P
See if you can find all of his strange words and creatures. P
Also, try to find his famous rhyming pattern! P
UNIT 20
Today in literature class, we learned about Edward Lear and his poems. P
For homework, the class has to write a poem. P
I thought Edward Lear's imaginary creatures and his nonsense were great. P
So I will also try to write a fun and creative poem. P
I will write about new animals and make some strange words. P
To start, I should think up a main character. P
What about a pig with fur and wings? I will call it Piggly-Wat. P
The creature will live under a rock. He will be very lonely. P
And he won't have friends because he looks different. P
Next, I need to think of a story. Because he is lonely, he needs some friends. P
Maybe, he will go out for a walk by the river. P
He will find other strange creatures when he walks down a dirt path. P
I will call them Hoogey, Bunnykins, and Hubbery-Gum. P
They will all become friends. Then he will not be lonely anymore. P
Now, I have a good story to write. And like Lear, I have new animals, too. P
I will think of new words later. Right now, I have to think about something else. P
How will I write the poem? Lear wrote his poems using a special rhyming pattern. P
I think I will do that, too! Writing poems is so much fun. P
When I grow up, I think I want to be a great poet, just like Edward Lear! P