3-1 Johnson and Johnson
Johnson and Johnson is a family-owned company. P
The company is in the business of creating and manufacturing healthcare products. P
They make prescription and non-prescription, over the counter medicine. P
Johnson and Johnson also makes lotions, hair products and cleaning products. P
Johnson and Johnson is known for baby products too. P
They make baby shampoo, oil, lotions and powder. P
Most parents have used the baby products on their babies because hospitals give free samples and coupons for Johnson and Johnson's products. P
The company is proud of the fact that they are a family company. P
Several generations from the Johnson family have worked for the company. P
3-2 Nike
Nike is a company that makes apparel products for the sports industry. P
They believe that everyone is an athlete. P
The company was created in 1972. Nike began as a small company and it grew to be a global company. P
Any company can be very successful when a good idea and hard work come together. P
The people who started Nike had a good idea and they worked hard. P
They are known worldwide now. They have strong partnerships all over the world. P
People wear Nike apparel to go running or to play basketball. P
The company has won many awards for its innovation in sports apparel and equipment. P
When you play sports you need good apparel such as shoes. P
You might get hurt if you play in shoes that do not fit well. P
Professional basketball players like Kobe Bryant wear Nikes. P
They say the shoes help them play better. P
Kids who wear the shoes say they play better when they wear them too. P
3-3 Subway
Subway is a company that makes sandwiches. P
In 1965, a young man who was only 17 years old wanted to start a business to help pay for his education. P
With only $1,000 he started this sandwich company called Subway. P
One thing that makes customers like Subway is the fact that people can choose what they want on their sandwiches. P
The stores are set up where a customer can see all of the items they can choose to put on their sandwiches. P
They choose the meat, cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion and vegetables. P
People seem to like to order their sandwiches the way they want them. P
The first store was opened in the U.S.A. in Connecticut. P
They set a goal to have 32 stores. P
They studied about how to make a company grow and they began to sell franchises so other people could own Subway stores of their own. P
Now, there are about 34,000 stores around the world. P
They believe the reason the stores have been so successful is because they sandwiches are so good. P
3-4 The Tango
The Tango is known as the dance of Buenos Aires. P
The dance has been around for many centuries. P
In this dance, two people dance together. The dance of the Tango is supposed to tell a story. P
There are many versions of the story in the dance. P
Many people think that it is between two people that love and hate each other at the same time. P
People all over the world now dance the Tango. P
There are many dance schools that teach tango in Argentina and around the world. P
The Tango is a very difficult dance to learn. P
There are many complicated steps and the dance is performed fast. P
However, once the dance is learned it is a lot of fun to perform. P
To dance the Tango, dancers must pick a song that has a one-two-three-four beat throughout the song. P
Songs like this are slow rock music. Dancers move in a counter-clockwise movement across the floor. P
They have one arm around the hip of the partner and the other straight out holding the hand of their partner. P
Each person looks at the arm that is straight out. P
The Tango is a dance that was invented in Buenos Aires, Argentina. P
3-5 Swing
Swing dancing is a style of dance that started in the 1920's in America. P
There are two main styles of swing dancing. P
West coast swing is where dancers focus on foot movement. P
Savoy swing was created in New York and was more of a jumpy dance that people moved very fast to. P
Swing dancing was not only a dance but also a way that people lived. P
Swing dancers, were people that went to dance clubs at night, wore certain types of clothes and styled their hair the same way. P
Swing dancers were noticeable in public places. P
There are many types of dances that are swing dances. P
The Lindy Hop, Jitterbug, and the Charleston are all types of swing dances. P
Swing dances are danced to jazz music or music played by brass bands. P
Brass bands are bands that play, the saxophone, trumpet, trombone, drums, and other brass or metal instruments. P
Two people must swing dance together. P
They stand facing each other and hold each other's hands. P
They also move their hips from side to side and kick their feet out occasionally. P
3-6 Ballet
Ballet is a type of dance that is performed at a theater for people to watch. P
Ballet began in the 1400's in Italy. Ballet is also very popular in Russia. P
People that dance ballet are called ballerinas. P
Most ballerinas start dancing at a very young age. P
This is because ballet is a very difficult skill to learn and can take many years to master. P
The ballet moves dancers learn are very unnatural for the body to do. P
This is what makes ballet difficult. P
When ballerinas dance to music it looks very beautiful. P
Some ballet dances tell stories and others just move to the music. P
Some very famous ballet dances that tell stories are the Nutcracker and Swan Lake. P
Ballerinas wear tight clothes called leotards and tights. P
They also wear ballet shoes that look like slippers. P
Sometimes female dancers wear skirts that are short that are called tutus. P
3-7 The Mambo
The Mambo is a Cuban dance that is similar to swing dancing. P
Perez Prado created it in his nightclub in Havana, Cuba during the 1940's. P
The Mambo is similar to swing dance because it is danced to Jazz music. P
However, the Mambo is danced to Cuban Jazz music and not American Jazz. P
The Mambo was introduced in America at Harlem nightclubs. Harlem is a place in New York. P
The Mambo is one of the most difficult dances to learn. P
Many dance teachers teach students the ChaCha, which is a type of Mambo dancing that is much easier. P
Only very experienced dancers learn the Mambo. The Mambo is very nice to watch. P
It is between two people that dance fast in two beat movements. P
Women usually wear very short and puffy dresses, when they dance the Mambo. P
Men, usually, wear suits or pants with suspenders. P
The Mambo is a very popular dance but hard to learn. P
3-8 Hula Dancing
Hula dancing is a traditional dance from Hawaii and Tahiti. P
Hula dancing is a ritual dance or dance that is performed for a reason. P
Hula dances are a part of Hawaiian history. Today, many people enjoy watching Hula dances for fun. P
However, they used to be performed as prayers to Hawaiian gods, to tell stories and share history. P
There were certain hulas for certain events. Chants were hula dances that were performed for Hawaiian gods. P
Hawaiians would dance rain chants to pray for rain. Other hulas would be performed at weddings, funerals and other events. P
Women and men both dance hula dances. Women wear grass skirts and men wear sarongs when they dance. P
Some men throw fire during hula dances. Hula dances were often performed at luaus. P
Luaus are Hawaiian parties where they would eat and perform hulas for the gods or each other. P
Hawaiians teach their children hula dances as a way to keep their tradition going today. P
3-9 Merengue
The Merengue is the national dance of the Dominican Republic. P
The dance was created in the 1700's and is a combination of two dances. P
It is a combination of the African and French Minuet. P
The Merengue is a Latin American dance. It is famous in the Caribbean Islands. P
The Merengue is performed at every national event in the Dominican Republic. P
This dance is known as a fun dance to watch and learn. P
To dance the Merengue songs with a high and fast beat tempo are needed. P
When the Merengue is performed in dance clubs it is danced at a fast paced. P
When the Merengue is danced in a ballroom, it has a slower pace and more hip action. P
The ballroom dance version of the Merengue was created by people in Hollywood and is not similar to the original dance. P
However, both versions are fun to watch and learn. P
3-10 Waltz
The Waltz is a classic type of ballroom dancing. It was created in Vienna, Austria. P
Austria is a country in Europe. Since its creation many different types of Waltz have evolved. P
The Waltz is a traditionally, slow ballroom dance. P
The Waltz is a very popular dance in Europe. It became well known in the 1800's in France. P
Almost every country in Europe has their own version of the Waltz. P
The music danced to in the Waltz is slow-paced and sometimes sounds like yodeling. P
Yodeling is a type of yelling or song from Austria and Sweden. P
The dance is danced with two people that move around the dance floor in a circular motion. P
The dancers turn in a small circle while they move around in a big circle. P
The movements in the dance are smooth and fast paced. It is not like other dances. P
There are no sharp movements at all; it is smooth and fast to a slow beat. P
3-11 Hip Hop
Hip Hop dancing is a type of dance that originated in the streets of America. P
This means that it started out as a dance people did for fun and not to perform or learn in a dance studio. P
This type of dancing began in the 1980's. People that lived in urban areas mainly performed it. P
Urban areas are places that have a lot of people living in a small area, like a big city. P
Many people did not think of hip-hop dancing as a professional dance. P
When rap music became popular, hip-hop dancing became known as a professional type of dance to perform. P
There are many dance studios that now teach hip-hop dancing. P
Hip-hop is usually performed in groups. P
The people in the groups dance alone, but they all dance the same. P
Hip-hop dances use music with strong beats. People that dance hip-hop count the beats. P
Many hip-hop dances are seen in music videos and performances around the world. P
3-12 Square dancing
Square dancing is a type of folk dance. P
A square dance is popular in the Western states of America, but was invented in Canada and England. P
In America it is known as country western dancing. P
Square dancing is very structured and performed in dance clubs that play country music. P
To dance a square dance four couples or eight people form a square that has two people on each side. P
Everyone in the square performs the same movement or steps. P
Once the steps are performed the whole group turns and steps to the right spot. P
The dance continues until everyone has performed the dance in a new spot. P
Once they get to their original spot the dance ends. P
3-13 Salsa
Salsa dancing is a popular Latin dance that is performed throughout Latin America. P
It was created in Cuba, but is very popular and became known in Mexico. P
Salsa dancing is similar to the Mambo, ChaCha, and Merengue. P
It is a fast paced dance that is completed with a partner. P
The partners are male and female. Since the dance is very fast the performers wear tight clothes. P
In Salsa dancing the partners hold hands and move back and forth very fast. P
They also shake their hips and turn around in small circles. P
The male partner will usually spin the female partner. P
This type of dance is performed in the ballroom, but also at homes, or parties. P
3-14 Recycling
The word recycle means to use again. P
When people recycle something it means that they are not throwing away an item, instead they are going to use it again. P
When something is recycled it is not thrown away. P
Instead, it is remade or reused as something else. P
This helps the environment because there is less trash. P
Too much trash is harmful to the environment. P
Items that are usually recycled are paper, metal or aluminum cans, and plastic. P
These items are all things that can be melted or made into something new. P
Many countries have recycling programs. P
In America, people sort their trash and recyclable items. P
Plastic or aluminum cans and paper are put in blue bins. P
Trash is put into black bins and yard waste is put into a brown or green bin. P
Some areas have their own way to recycle items. P
In New York, cans and bottles are separated, but not paper. P
In Sydney, paper and cans are separated, but not plastic. P
In Seoul, they separate and recycle compost, paper, and plastic products. P
Recycling is a good thing to do. It is important to reuse things so we are not wasteful. P
3-15 Endangered Species
Endangered species are animals, plants, and bugs that are in danger of no longer living. P
Another way to say that an animal is no longer living is to say it is extinct. P
When an animal it is extinct, that means that animal no longer lives anywhere on the planet and will never come back. P
Animals, plants, and insects become endangered for many reasons. P
The main reason why something becomes endangered is because where they live or how they live is destroyed. P
There are many endangered species in the world. P
The white tiger is one type of endangered species. P
These rare tigers are white, instead of orange, with black stripes. P
Their fur is hunted by many people in Asia, because of this they are not many of them left in the world. P
Some whales are near extinction too. P
This is because many people hunt them for their blubber or fat. P
In South America, there are many endangered trees. P
This is because these trees are cut down to make paper or for wood to build things. P
It is important to respect all the species of the world and take care of them so they do not become extinct. P
3-16 Plastic
Plastic is a material used in many things we use today. P
It was created over one hundred years ago. P
Plastic has changed the way many things were made and created. P
Before plastic, many things were made of wood or glass. P
Plastic is a great thing and used often because it can be molded into any form. P
Today, plastic is used to make toys, cups, plates, chairs, containers, and even computers. P
When hot, plastic is a liquid. P
When it becomes hard it is solid and does not break easily. P
To make something from plastic you must pour plastic into a mold when it is hot. P
A mold is the outline of the object you are making. P
Plastic is not a natural substance. P
It releases many dangerous things when it is made and when it decays. P
Plastic is also very harmful to the environment, because it takes a very long time to decompose. P
When something decomposes it breaks down into nothing and eventually disappears in the ground. P
Throwing away plastic is now a major problem. P
People are told to recycle or reuse plastic. P
This is because it can be melted down and remolded into something new. P
When people recycle plastic they are helping the world be a cleaner place. P
3-17 Electric Cars
Automobiles or cars need gasoline to run. P
Gasoline is the fuel that makes all the parts in a car work together. P
Gasoline is made from crude oil. P
When gasoline goes into the air it is harmful to breathe. P
Gasoline also causes pollution to the environment and that is bad. P
People are trying to come up with different ways to make cars better for the environment. P
Electric cars are one option. P
If people have electric cars, they can drive without using gasoline. P
Cars that are electric use electricity to run and not gasoline. P
People plug electric cars into a socket to charge. P
It is like plugging in a lamp to a socket to have light. P
People can buy electric cars but they are very expensive. P
Car companies are trying to find a way to make cheaper electric cars. P
The biggest problem is finding a battery that can store enough electric power. P
3-18 Public Transit
Public transit or transportation is a way for a lot of people to travel at once. P
It is also something everyone can use to travel. P
A car is not a form of public transit it is private transportation. P
A bus, train, or subways are all forms of public transportation. P
A bus is a very big automobile that can hold a lot of people at one time. P
A train and a subway are very similar. P
A subway is an underground train that is very fast. P
A train is not underground. P
Gwangju recently built a subway system. P
The subway helps to move many people from place to place. P
This reduced traffic and pollution in Gwangju, because people are driving fewer cars in the city. P
It is easier to travel from one part of the city to another part of the city. P
This type of public transit reduces air pollution. P
It also reduces traffic and noise. P
Public transportation helps people get places faster and is safer for the environment. P
3-19 The Water Cycle
Life depends on the water cycle. P
Without water, life would be impossible. P
The water cycle controls life on Earth. P
The water cycle affects the weather and how we get water. P
The water cycle starts when water evaporates from the oceans. P
Water evaporates when it gets hot. P
After the water evaporates, it rises up into the air as steam. P
When the water is in the air it goes into the clouds. P
As the temperature of the water drops, it becomes a liquid again. P
This is called rain. When rain happens it is called precipitation. P
When it rains the water falls from the sky. P
When it rains in very cold places it becomes snow or ice. P
Some of the water evaporates into the air again. P
The rest gets absorbed into streams, rivers, lakes and the ocean. P
The water cycle happens again as the water evaporates when it gets hot. P
3-20 Forest Fires
Forest fires are very dangerous. P
They damage and ruin things in their path and are very hot. P
Firefighters put out fires. Fires are started in many different ways. P
Forest fires can be caused naturally or by humans. P
They start because of a lighting strike or by humans being careless on hot and dry days. P
Forest fires damage the natural resources that people need, like trees and wild animals. P
In Canada they have jobs for people to fight fires in the forest. P
Canadian forest fire fighters spend their lives fighting forest fires all over the country. P
When fire fighters stop fires, they also stop the natural process. P
Plants and animals need forest fires occasionally to clear the land. P
Animals eat the new plants that grow after forest fires. P