9-1 Dogs I
Dogs are man's best friends. P
From ancient times, people have raised dogs to be their protectors and companions. P
Originally, dogs were wild animals like wolves, but as they started to live near humans, they became more and more tame. P
Not all dogs look alike. P
Dogs come in different sizes and shapes. P
Some are big and scary, while some are cute and small. P
Some dogs have pointy ears, while others have droopy ears. P
Dogs even come in different colors, including white, golden, red, black and brown. P
Dogs have very good hearing. P
They can hear sounds from very faraway better than a human can. P
That is why we often see a dog wake up in the middle of the night and bark loudly at what seems to us like nothing at all. P
That is because they can hear sounds that humans just can't hear. P
9-2 Dogs II
Dogs also have a very good sense of smell. P
Sometimes a dog will stop suddenly in the middle of the road and start sniffing at something on the ground. P
He might even start digging if he thinks he has the scent of a mole or a rat. P
There are stories that tell us that a dog can find his way home from far away, just by using his sense of smell. P
Dogs are also smart and faithful. P
Some dogs seem to sense their owner's thoughts, and some can recognize their owners just by the sound of their footsteps. P
Dogs can guard houses and run errands. P
There are hunting dogs, and dogs that help the blind. P
Dogs can also protect their owners when there is danger. P
Like when Oh Soo's Dog saved him from death. P
9-3 Yutnori I
The game of Yut is a traditional Korean board game. P
Yut is a game that can be enjoyed by anyone. P
Some people claim that Yut was introduced from China as a game of Cheopo, P
but there are historical references to the game as early as the Three Kingdoms Era. P
Tradition says, that a king divided the five kinds of livestock among five different villages, P
and each village had to raise only one kind, which is similar to the rules of Yut. P
That is why each of the kinds of "throw" is compared to pigs, dogs, lambs, cows, and horses. P
Each team is made up of two people, and each team must have their own set of Yut sticks to compete in the game. P
To play Yut, one needs sticks, a board, and four markers for each team to move around the board. P
9-4 Yutnori II
If all the sticks lay on their flat edge, it is called "Mo". P
If all the sticks lay on their round edge, it is called "Yut". P
If three lay on their flat edge - "Gol"; two - "Gae"; and one, is called "Do." P
For Do, the marker moves one step forward; Gae moves two steps; P
Gol, three steps; Yut, four steps; and Mo, five steps. P
If a marker catches up to another team's marker, or if you throw Yut or Mo, P
you receive another turn to throw the sticks. P
If your team's markers get to the final spot on the board, P
or "Chammogi", before the other team's, your team wins. P
This game was originally played to plan agriculturally during first month of the year. P
People would decide whether to farm on higher or lower ground depending on the outcome of the game. P
Now, however, it has become a game for all seasons and played by everyone at any age. P
9-5 Our Earthenwares I
Scientific knowledge has drastically changed the way we live. P
And we could see how by looking at the various ways in which technology that has improved our lives overtime. P
First, let's take a look at the rice cooker. P
The electric rice cooker is a product of modern technology that can keep cooked rice warm. P
Though, if you keep the rice in the cooker for too long, the rice will go bad and begin to smell. P
New technology now allows cookers to absorb the vapors within their container and the rice will keep longer. P
Earthenware steamers have similar properties to the new rice cooker. P
Steamers made from aluminum allow water to collect on the walls of the cooker, and make the rice, very watery. P
9-6 Our Earthenwares II
In the past, earthenware was often used to make the traditional charcoal brazier. P
The Korean culture's appreciation for simplicity can be seen in the earthenware brazier. P
Most of them have disappeared from modern use, P
but they were once indispensable for heating during the winter months. P
A unique characteristic of earthenware is that it limits thermal conduction. P
Earthenware water casks absorb impurities so that the water can be used for drinking and cooking. P
So, it turns out that the earthenware that our ancestors used, is being rediscovered by science today. P
9-7 A Butterfly Expert, Mr. Suk I
One day, Mr. Robinson took a trip to Mount Shasta. P
On Mount Shasta, he found a butterfly that had brown wings, and white spots. P
"I have never seen this butterfly before!" P
Holding his breath, Mr. Robinson approached it quietly. P
But the butterfly heard him and flew away. P
"That is definitely a butterfly that has never been discovered before!" P
Mr. Robinson knew whether a butterfly was a female or a male by just watching the way it flew. P
He became very excited at the thought of a new species of butterflies. P
9-8 A Butterfly Expert, Mr. Suk II
Mr. Robinson followed the butterfly. P
"No matter what, I must catch that butterfly." P
Mr. Robinson went through bushes, trees, branches, and wandered all over the mountains. P
During his search, he became bruised and scratched all over. P
Several hours later, he finally caught the butterfly. P
When Mr. Robinson was little, he loved animals so much that he had not only a dog, P
but also a cat, a dove, and a lizard as pets. P
But at that time, it was a period when our country was taken by Japan. P
9-9 A Butterfly Expert, Mr. Suk III
Mr. Robinson grew up watching his father help the independence movement. P
At a young age, Mr. Robinson participated in the 3.1 Movement. P
The moment Mr. Robinson decided to research butterflies was when Mr. Robinson was studying in Japan at the age of 21. P
A Japanese teacher told Mr. Robinson. P
"In Chosun, research on butterflies is not done adequately. P
Research butterflies. If you keep researching for ten years, P
you will be able to become a world renowned butterfly master." P
After listening to his teacher, Mr. Robinson made a determination. P
"That's right. I should do something. P
I'll research butterflies in Korea. P
I'll surely accomplish this task that nobody has ever done." P
9-10 A Butterfly Expert, Mr. Suk IV
Coming back to our country, Mr. Robinson made a firm resolution and started researching on butterflies. P
He ate peanuts walking on the road because he felt even eating time was wasteful, and he never went to sleep before 2 A.M. P
Whenever and wherever he was, he only thought of butterflies and concentrated on the research. P
Like this, 10 years passed. P
One day, Mr. Robinson got a letter. P
Dear Mr. Robinson, P
Please write a book on all the butterflies in Chosun by doing research on them. P
England Royal Asian Academy. P
9-11 A Butterfly Expert, Mr. Suk V
Mr. Robinson decided to write a book that tells all about butterflies of our country. P
To write this book, he collected tens of thousands of butterflies and devoted himself. P
And he corrected all the wrong parts about our country's butterflies that Japanese scholars had written. P
Over time, Mr. Robinson completed the book on butterflies of our country and sent it to the England's Royal library. P
Like this, Mr. Robinson devoted his whole life to research on butterflies. P
He collected over 750 thousand butterflies. P
He even changed Japanese names of butterflies to Korean names such as 'SuNoRanNabi', and even 'YuRiChangNabi'. P
During the dark period of when out country was taken, by researching butterflies, P
Mr. Robinson gave our country something to be proud of. P
9-12 A Stone Post on Trial I
A long time ago, there was a silk merchant who laid down beside a tomb to rest. P
But while he only meant to rest, he immediately fell asleep. P
When he woke up from a deep slumber, he realized that all of his silk had disappeared. P
"Oh no! My silk disappeared!" P
Worried, the silk merchant began to search around the tomb for his silk. P
But he couldn't find it anywhere! So the silk merchant went to the police officer in the next town and told him of his situation. P
After hearing the story, the officer said, "Oh well, that's too bad. P
Was there anyone who saw you resting by the tomb? P
"There was nothing but a stone post standing near that tomb." P
"Then the stone post must have seen the person who stole the silk. P
Bring the stone post in immediately!" P
The silk merchant was astonished. P
Was the officer really going to question the stone post? P
9-13 A Stone Post on Trial II
This news spread to all the nearby villages faster than the wind. P
Soon, all the villagers began to gather to see the trial of the stone post. P
Once the stone post was brought in, the officer began to shout at it, P
"Stone post! You were the only one who saw the thief! Who is the thief! Tell me now!" P
The merchant began to think the officer might be crazy. P
There was no way the stone post could tell him anything. P
"Since you won't speak, you must be the thief! Beat this stone post with a club!" P
At this, the villagers burst into laughter. P
But the officer then said in a loud voice, P
"Now put every person who just laughed on this serious occasion into prison!" P
9-14 A Stone Post on Trial III
Then, more seriously, the officer said, P
"I will forgive this offense by each of you who bring a roll of silk by tomorrow for this silk merchant." P
The next day, each of the villagers brought back a roll of silk. P
The officer then let the silk merchant look for his lost silk among the rolls. P
And of all the roles of silk that were brought, every roll of silk was his. P
The officer then asked the villagers, "Where did you get this silk?" P
"We got this from the village over there. The person who was selling this silk is still there." P
The officer commanded his men to bring the person who sold all the villagers their silk. P
The police officer was very proud of his trick, and the silk merchant had all of his wares returned to him. P
9-15 Salt I
The earth was created about 460 billion years ago. P
In the beginning, the earth was a steaming mass that had not yet solidified completely, P
and it pumped out gaseous vapors made of chlorine and sodium. P
When chlorine and sodium are mixed together they become sodium chloride, also know as, 'salt'. P
The vapors gathered together to form clouds. P
As the earth cooled over time, the clouds rained down and formed the salty oceans. P
Salt is made using various methods all over the world. P
About 2/3 of all the salt produced on earth is rock salt. P
In Korea, where there is no natural source of rock salt, people produce salt using spontaneous evaporation, P
assisted by solar or electric energy at salt farms that process seawater. P
Today, salt can be manufactured in salt farms and also in factories. P
Looking back, salt always has played an important part in the history of mankind. P
When people subsisted from hunting and gathering, P
they took in the salt they needed by eating animals, fish, and shellfish. P
9-16 Salt II
But once people began living settled, agrarian lifestyles, their diets became focused on vegetables and grains, P
and the need to add salt for balanced health increased. P
So, people began to specialize in salt making. P
There were even times when salt became so valuable that it replaced money. P
In ancient Rome, soldiers were paid in salt. And in China, people were taxed in salt. P
In Korea in ancient times, the government controlled the making and selling of salt. P
People use salt both to season and preserve food. P
By utilizing salt's natural absorptive characteristics, P
people have long made foods last longer by "curing" them. P
Cured meats are protected from early decay by their very dryness, P
which prevents destructive bacteria from growing, P
and keeps them safe for consumption longer. P
Some examples of cured foods are soy sauce, bean pastes, hot pepper pastes, cured fish, and pickles. P
Salt is also used for industrial purposes. P
Salt is one of the raw materials used in making nylons, soap, paper, bleach, and pesticide. P
Salt can also be used in the home as well. P
Some people brush their teeth with salt, P
and cut flowers can be placed into salt water to maintain their freshness. P
Peeled apples can be placed into salt water to prevent them from turning brown, P
and salt is often put into the water for boiling eggs to prevent them from cracking and bursting. P
9-17 Stone Frog I
A long time ago, there was a deep well at the foot of a mountain. P
In this well there lived large family off frogs. P
All that the frogs knew about the outside world, was only the bit of sky they could see directly above the well. P
The frogs never tried to find out if there was more to the world, P
and truly believed that they could never find a better place than the well. P
One day, a crow flew over, and came to perch on the edge of the frog's well. P
The crow told the frogs stories about the world outside the well. P
He told stories about flower gardens, snow, P
and the many other great things there were to see in the outside world. P
The more the frogs listened to the crow's stories , the more amazed they became. P
To the frogs, who knew nothing about the world outside, P
except the sky above, everything seemed too amazing to be true. P
But the stories got the frogs to thinking more and more about the world outside. P
"Wow! That's amazing! But Crow, which place on earth is your very favorite?" P
"This mountain, of course. This mountain that you're living at the foot of," said the crow. P
The frogs were amazed again. P
9-18 Stone Frog II
The frogs didn't really know what kind of place this mountain was, P
even though they were living right at its base. P
They had no ideas why this place would be thought the best place in the world. P
So the frogs asked the crow to help them see this mountain. P
The crow was more than happy to help. P
The frogs chose their oldest frog as their representative, P
and the crow carried him on his back and showed him around the world outside. P
He placed the old frog at the mouth of a valley at the foot of the mountain, P
and the scene before his eyes was so beautiful that he almost fainted. P
The old frog decided that the very best way to take in the mountains beautiful sights was to walk through them himself. P
So the oldest frog climbed up the ridge to the top of the mountain. P
Climbing up the endless road was very exhausting. P
And the old frog became so tired and out of breath that he couldn't continue climbing. P
But he needed to tell his brothers waiting for him inside the well about all of this, P
so the old frog didn't give up and kept climbing up and up, gasping for air. P
9-19 Stone Frog III
Looking around him, the old frog began to see that what the crow had been boasting about, and that it was true. P
These beautiful sights helped the oldest frog to forget about the difficulty of his climb. P
Using the last bit of his strength, the old frog finally arrived at the top of the mountain. P
And suddenly, his eyes grew wide with wonder. P
"Oh! How beautiful the outside world is!" exclaimed the old frog. P
The cliffs, the trees, the rocks, the lotus that grew in the trees and the waterfalls; P
it was all true! And they were all so beautiful! P
A thin mist formed the Milky Way in the night sky, P
and a rainbow of seven colors hung beautifully across the day. P
The valley was deep and magnificent, with waterfalls that dropped down from the cliffs, P
and the blue ponds beneath them were bluer than the sky. P
The old frog couldn't move because he just was so absorbed in the scenery that was only more beautiful the more he saw. P
He completely forgot that the rest of his family was still in the well and waiting for him. P
A day passed. Another day passed. P
And after very many days had passed, the old frog turned to stone with his eyes wide open, P
staring at the beautiful view, and there, he still stands today. P