25-1 Lesson 7-2-1
In all mentally sound individuals, the three parts of the mind work in unison. P
The id, ego, and superego make up the three parts of the mind. P
The id contains thoughts that are repressed by the subconscious. P
The id does not usually receive verbal representation and, therefore, does not enter the conscious thoughts of a human being. P
So, the prime motive of the id includes a human's basic survival instincts, such as eating. P
The ego is a mixture of both the subconscious and conscious mind. P
It allows some of the id's desires to be expressed, but only when the consequences of expressing these desires are not perceived as harmful. P
Therefore, the principal function of the ego is to recognize an individual's basic drives, P
such as food consumption, and transfer that desire into a thought in the conscious mind. P
The superego acts as the conscience maintaining our sense of morality. P
It is controlled by the desires of the conscious mind. P
The superego represses the desires of the id. P
When the id, ego, and superego cannot agree on a course of action, problems can arise. P
25-2 Lesson 7-2-2
In mentally healthy people, the three parts of the mind work cooperatively. P
The three parts of the mind include the id, ego, and superego. P
The id is defined as being composed primarily of subconscious drives. P
The id is moral and egocentric. P
For instance, the id incites fundamental drives such as eating. P
The ego mediates between the id, the superego, and the external world. P
Its task is to find a balance between the primary drives, morals and reality while also satisfying the id and superego. P
For instance, when the id wants food, the ego receives the message and goes looking for food with the help of the conscious mind. P
The superego is the mental representation of the internalization of society's moral code. P
It seeks to limit behavior based on the drives of the id. P
For instance, the id brings out desires such as the need for food, but the superego suppresses these cravings when the individual is on a diet. P
When all three parts of the mind cannot agree, psychological problems can occur. P
25-3 Lesson 7-2-3
Mentally healthy individuals have three parts of the mind that work in harmony. P
The id, the ego, and the superego are three parts of the mind that scientists have identified as making up a human's mind. P
The id is the mental representation of biological instincts. P
The id does not distinguish between the internal mind and the outside environment. P
For example, the id stimulates the eating drive. P
The ego distinguishes between the internal mind and the external reality. P
It controls behavior that bridges the gap between mental perceptions of reality and the outside world. P
For example, the ego directs a person to look for and eat food when he or she is hungry. P
The superego governs moral behavior. P
It tends to stand in opposition to the desires of the id because of conflicting objectives. P
For example, the superego might oppose certain wants, such as eating, and, thus, prevents fulfillment of the id's eating drives. P
If the parts of the mind oppose one another, psychological disturbances can arise. P
25-7 Lesson 8-1-1
Guess what, Cindy? Alex took me out to dinner last night and he proposed to me! P
Wow! I'm so happy for you! Did you accept his proposal? P
I told him that I'm not ready yet. I don't like the fact that he is much younger than me. P
If you really loved him, you wouldn't let something like that affect your decision. P
I know, but I'm also very worried about his financial difficulties. P
My advice is to follow your heart. P
25-8 Lesson 8-1-2
Mom! You won't believe what happened last night. Alex proposed to me! P
Congratulations! That's great! Did you say yes? P
I told him to wait. I'm worried about the difference in our age. P
Do you really care that he is much younger than you? P
I'm also concerned about our height difference. P
You should listen to whatever your heart tells you. P
25-9 Lesson 8-1-3
Guess what? Alex proposed to me last night! P
Congratulations! Did you say yes? P
Not yet. I'm having some doubts because of our age gap. P
He is very mature even though he is eight years younger than you. P
I'm also worried about our cultural differences. P
Just listen to your heart. P
25-10 Lesson 8-2-1
I've always wanted to play the piano like you. P
Why don't you take lessons then? P
I took lessons when I was young but I had to stop. P
Why did you stop taking lessons? P
I had a hard time playing the piano. P
Then you should try playing the guitar. P
Is the guitar easy to learn? P
Anyone can play the guitar. P
25-12 Lesson 8-2-3
You're so lucky you can play the synthesizer. P
You should take courses. P
I took them a long time ago, but not anymore. P
Really? Was there any problem? P
It was too difficult for me. P
Oh. Then you should learn to play the bass. P
Why? Is it easier than the piano? P
Much easier. P
25-17 Lesson 8-4-2
You seem so happy all of a sudden. P
Yeah, I can't stop smiling. P
Why is that? P
Do you remember the physics final I was studying for? P
Yeah, you were a hermit during that period of time, and locked yourself in your room all day. You only came out to use the toilet. P
I know, but I really want to do well in that class. P
So, then what did you get? P
I aced the exam! P
25-18 Lesson 8-4-3
Somebody's been having a good day. P
I think I'm going to die of happiness. P
What happened? P
You remember the psychology exam I took three days ago? P
I remember. You wouldn't even come out of your room to eat. P
Well, you know, homework alone will not get you good grades. P
Then how did you do? P
An A! P
25-19 Lesson 8-5-1
Hello? P
Hello? This is Robert. P
What's up? P
I was hoping you could help me with my English essay. P
Of course. I would love to help you. P
Can you come over now? P
I was just walking my dog. P
Then how about if I come over to your place? P
Sure. That's fine. P
All right. I'll see you soon. P
25-20 Lesson 8-5-2
Hello? Who is this? P
It's me, John! P
Hey! I wasn't expecting a call from you. P
I was just wondering if we could work on the Spanish homework together. P
Yeah, sure. I'll help you. P
Is now a good time? P
Well, I'm running some errands for my mom. P
Then would it be okay if we meet at the library? P
Okay, see you. P
All right. P