(4) what
- ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¼º°Ý
¨ç ¡°¼±Çà»ç+°ü°è´ë¸í»ç¡±ÀÇ º¹ÇÕÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇϹǷΠ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ µû·Î °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
(what=the thing(s) which)
¨è ¸í»çÀýÀ» À¯µµÇÑ´Ù.
ÁÖ¾î, ¸ñÀû¾î, º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÓ
¨é ÇØ¼® :¡¸¢¦ÇÏ´Â °Í¡¹

 

- ¾²ÀÓ
Ex) What is beautiful is not always good. ¡¼Á־
   ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î °ÍÀÌ Ç×»ó ¼±ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù.
Ex) Don't put off until tomorrow what you can do today. ¡¼¸ñÀû¾î¡½
   ¿À´Ã ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÏÀ» ³»ÀÏ·Î ¹Ì·çÁö ¸»¶ó.
Ex) I'm ashamed of what I have done. ¡¼ÀüÄ¡»çÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î¡½
   ³»°¡ ÇÑ ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ âÇÇÇÏ´Ù
Ex) This is what I want. ¡¼º¸¾î¡½
   À̰ÍÀÌ ³»°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

3) °ü°è´ë¸í»ç whatÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ü¿ë±¸
- what we [you, they, people] call
= what is called = as it were = so to speak (¼ÒÀ§, À̸¥¹Ù)
- what one be (ÀΰÝ=his character, »óÅÂ)
- what one has (Àç»ê=his wealth, ¼ÒÀ¯¹°)
Ex) She is not what she was. ±×³à´Â °ú°ÅÀÇ ±×³à°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
= She is not what she used to be. = She is not the girl that she used to be.


4) °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ ¿ë¹ý
(1) Á¦ÇÑÀû ¿ë¹ý

°ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ À̲ô´Â Çü¿ë»çÀýÀÌ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ¼ö½ÄÇÏ¿© ±× Àǹ̸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â ¿ë¹ýÀ¸·Î, °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ comma(,)°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

 

(2)°è¼ÓÀû ¿ë¹ý

°ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ À̲ô´Â Çü¿ë»çÀýÀÌ ¼±Çà»ç¸¦ ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿ë¹ýÀ¸·Î, °ü°è´ë¸í»ç ¾Õ¿¡ comma(,)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. (¡°Á¢¼Ó»ç+´ë¸í»ç¡±·Î Àüȯ °¡´É)
Ex) She had two sons, who became doctors. ±×³à´Â µÎ ¾ÆµéÀÌ Àִµ¥ µÑ ´Ù ÀÇ»çÀÌ´Ù.
cf. She had two sons who became doctors. ±×³à´Â Àǻ簡 µÈ µÎ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

Ex) I know a girl, whose(=and his) father is a famous scientist.

³ª´Â ÇÑ ¼Ò³à¸¦ ¾È´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â À¯¸íÇÑ °úÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
Ex) I like this book, which(=for it) is very instructive.

³ª´Â ÀÌ Ã¥À» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀÌ ±³ÈÆÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
Ex) I tried to open the door, which I found impossible.

I tried to open the door, but I found it impossible.

³ª´Â ±× ¹®À» ¿­·Á°í ½ÃµµÇßÁö¸¸ ±×°ÍÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù.

 

5) °ü°è´ë¸í»çÀÇ »ý·«
(1) Á¦ÇÑÀû ¿ë¹ýÀÇ °ü°è´ë¸í»ç°¡ ¡®¸ñÀû°Ý¡¯ÀÏ ¶§´Â »ý·«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Ex) This is the lady (whom) I met yesterday. ÀÌ ºÐÀÌ ¾îÁ¦ ³»°¡ ¸¸³µ´ø ¼÷³àºÐÀÌ´Ù.
Ex) This is the book (which) he gave me the other day. ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ±×°¡ ¿äÀü ³¯ ³ª¿¡°Ô ÁØ ±× Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.
Ex) He knows many things (which) we are ignorant of. ±×´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¸ð¸£´Â ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ» ¾È´Ù.   


(2)¡¸Áְݰü°è´ë¸í»ç+be+¢¦ing[p.p.]¡¹ÀÇ °æ¿ì
Ex) I bought a book (which was) written by him.³­ ±×°¡ ¾´ Ã¥À» »ò´Ù.
Ex) Do you know the gentleman (who is) talking with John? JohnÇϰí À̾߱â Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ±× ½Å»çºÐÀÌ ´©±ºÁö ¾Æ´Ï?